CVE WatchJul 24, 2026

CVE-2026-25726

Cloudreve is a self-hosted file management and sharing system. Prior to version 4.13.0, the application uses the weak pseudo-random number g

CVSS

8.1

High

EPSS

0.4%

p32

KEV

—

Exploit Today

0-100

Published: Apr 3, 2026 · Last modified: Jul 24, 2026 · CWE-338

EPSS · 30d

0.4%EPSS · 30 days0.4%

2026-08-232026-09-20

Technical description

Cloudreve is a self-hosted file management and sharing system. Prior to version 4.13.0, the application uses the weak pseudo-random number generator math/rand seeded with time.Now().UnixNano() to generate critical security secrets, including the secret_key, and hash_id_salt. These secrets are generated upon first startup and persisted in the database. An attacker can exploit this by obtaining the administrator's account creation time (via public API endpoints) to narrow the search window for the PRNG seed, and use known hashid to validate the seed. By brute-forcing the seed (demonstrated to take <3 hours on general consumer PC), an attacker can predict the secret_key. This allows them to forge valid JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) for any user, including administrators, leading to full account takeover and privilege escalation. This issue has been patched in version 4.13.0.

Official references

Related CVEs

CVECVSSEPSSKEVRExploitTitleMod.

CVE-2026-941078.1 HIG

—

——0NivoCart through 2.4.0 contains a predictable password reset token vulnerability in the forgotten.php endpoint that generates recovery codes using substr(md5(mt_rand()), 0, 10). Attackers who know an administrator's email address can request a password reset and predict the token to gain administrative account access without rate limiting or expiration.20h CVE-2026-938688.1 HIG

47.7%

——14Cotonti through 1.0.0 derives password recovery validation tokens from md5(microtime()) in users.passrecover.php, creating a predictable token space of approximately one million values per second. Unauthenticated attackers can read the server Date header, precompute candidate tokens within a narrow time window, and probe them against the passrecover authentication endpoint to reset any account password including administrators.2d CVE-2026-927498.1 HIG

43.2%

——13SafeLine through 9.4.1 derives the management console session-signing secret from a time-seeded math/rand generator, allowing attackers to reconstruct the key offline. Unauthenticated remote attackers who can bound the install timestamp can regenerate the secret and forge valid administrator session cookies to gain control of protected sites.4d CVE-2026-922984.8 MED

25.7%

——8EspoCRM through 10.0.8 uses PHP's rand() function to generate tokens for lead-capture opt-in, event invitation, and campaign URLs instead of a cryptographically secure generator. Remote unauthenticated attackers can guess these roughly 31-bit tokens to confirm opt-ins, accept or decline event invitations on behalf of other contacts, and access event details.5d CVE-2026-748873.7 LOW

8.1%

——2openssl_encrypt before 1.4.0 imports Python's non-cryptographic 'random' module (Mersenne Twister PRNG) at line 15 of openssl_encrypt/modules/pqc.py. No direct calls to random.* were present in the code, so no cryptographic operation is currently affected; however, the import creates a hazard that future code could inadvertently use random.randint() instead of a cryptographically secure alternative (secrets/os.urandom), producing predictable values since the Mersenne Twister state can be recovered from approximately 624 outputs. Fixed by removing the import in 1.4.0.21d CVE-2026-748747.5 HIG

17.3%

——5openssl_encrypt versions before 1.4.0 use Python's non-cryptographic random module for steganographic pixel selection in the generate_pseudorandom_sequence function. Attackers who know the password can recover the Mersenne Twister state from approximately 624 outputs and predict pixel locations containing hidden data for extraction.20d